"bōkō" meaning in All languages combined

See bōkō on Wiktionary

Romanization [Japanese]

Head templates: {{head|ja|romanization|head=|sc=Latn}} bōkō
  1. Rōmaji transcription of ぼうこう Tags: Rōmaji, alt-of, romanization Alternative form of: ぼうこう

Noun [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈbɔː.kɔː/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”) and Latin fāgus (“beech”). The origin of the senses in Gothic (“book, writing”) is unclear, but they may be transferred by conflation from *bōks f (see there for more), or both senses “beech” and “writing” may have been originally present in both words; in the latter case, *bōkō can safely be derived from *bōks in pre-Germanic. Etymology templates: {{etymon|gem-pro|:der|ine-pro:*bʰeh₂ǵos<id:tree>|id=beech|tree=1}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "tree", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰeh₂ǵos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*bōkō", "lang" : "gem-pro" }" data-id="beech" data-lang="gem-pro" data-title="*bōkō" id="Proto-Germanic:_beech">, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰeh₂ǵos||beech}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”), {{cog|grc|φηγός||oak}} Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”), {{cog|la|fāgus||beech}} Latin fāgus (“beech”), {{cog|got|-}} Gothic, {{m-g|book, writing}} “book, writing”, {{m-g|beech}} “beech”, {{m-g|writing}} “writing”, {{pre-Germanic}} pre-Germanic Head templates: {{gem-noun|f}} *bōkō f Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bōkō [nominative, singular], bōkôz [nominative, plural], bōkō [singular, vocative], bōkôz [plural, vocative], bōkǭ [accusative, singular], bōkōz [accusative, plural], bōkōz [genitive, singular], bōkǫ̂ [genitive, plural], bōkōi [dative, singular], bōkōmaz [dative, plural], bōkō [instrumental, singular], bōkōmiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. beech Tags: feminine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-bōkō-gem-pro-noun-hW83h~I7
  2. (East Germanic) writing, text, book Tags: East, Germanic, feminine, reconstruction Synonyms: *bōks
    Sense id: en-bōkō-gem-pro-noun-lTsfcdqb Categories (other): East Proto-Germanic, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Proto-Germanic entries with etymon, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 18 82 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 89 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 7 93 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with etymon: 3 97 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 2 98
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: bōks
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "bōkō",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "ぼうこう"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese romanizations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rōmaji transcription of ぼうこう"
      ],
      "id": "en-bōkō-ja-romanization-DRxhYVoa",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rōmaji",
          "romaji"
        ],
        [
          "ぼうこう",
          "ぼうこう#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rōmaji",
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bōkō"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "bōc"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "boeck"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "boek"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "bōk"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Böök"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Böke"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Dutch",
                      "lang_code": "nl",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "beuk"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch Low Saxon",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "beuk"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "bôke"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "bōka"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "only in compounds and placenames",
                    "displaced by eastern beuk"
                  ],
                  "word": "boek"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "boec"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*buoka"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Buech"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Buche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Büche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Bich"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "bih́łiḱ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "possibly conflated with a reflex of *bōkō"
              ],
              "word": "buoche"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "buohha"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Buech"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Buche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Büche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Bich"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "bih́łiḱ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "possibly conflated with a reflex of *bōkō"
              ],
              "word": "buoche"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "*buohhia"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Buech"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Buche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Büche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Bich"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "bih́łiḱ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "possibly conflated with a reflex of *bōkō"
              ],
              "word": "buoche"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "buocha"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "sla-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed",
            "uncertain",
            "or from *bōkijā"
          ],
          "word": "*bùky"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*bōku"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "raw_tags": [
            "f"
          ],
          "word": "bók"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "bæki"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "beyki"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "raw_tags": [
            "f"
          ],
          "word": "bók"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "raw_tags": [
            "f"
          ],
          "word": "bok"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m or f"
          ],
          "word": "bøk"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m"
          ],
          "word": "bøk"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m or f"
          ],
          "word": "bok"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "c"
              ],
              "word": "bok"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "bōk"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "word": "bog"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "raw_tags": [
            "c"
          ],
          "word": "bøg"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "bók"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "bōka",
      "word": "𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "ine-pro:*bʰeh₂ǵos<id:tree>",
        "id": "beech",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"tree\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeh₂ǵos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bōkō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"beech\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*bōkō\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_beech\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeh₂ǵos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "beech"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φηγός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oak"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fāgus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beech"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fāgus (“beech”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "book, writing"
      },
      "expansion": "“book, writing”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beech"
      },
      "expansion": "“beech”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "writing"
      },
      "expansion": "“writing”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pre-Germanic",
      "name": "pre-Germanic"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”) and Latin fāgus (“beech”).\nThe origin of the senses in Gothic (“book, writing”) is unclear, but they may be transferred by conflation from *bōks f (see there for more), or both senses “beech” and “writing” may have been originally present in both words; in the latter case, *bōkō can safely be derived from *bōks in pre-Germanic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*bōkō f",
      "name": "gem-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōkō",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bōks"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "beech"
      ],
      "id": "en-bōkō-gem-pro-noun-hW83h~I7",
      "links": [
        [
          "beech",
          "beech"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "East Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 98",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "writing, text, book"
      ],
      "id": "en-bōkō-gem-pro-noun-lTsfcdqb",
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "text",
          "text"
        ],
        [
          "book",
          "book"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(East Germanic) writing, text, book"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*bōks"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "East",
        "Germanic",
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔː.kɔː/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Proto-Germanic language#Pre-Proto-Germanic (Pre-PGmc)"
  ],
  "word": "bōkō"
}
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "bōkō",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "ぼうこう"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese non-lemma forms",
        "Japanese romanizations",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rōmaji transcription of ぼうこう"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rōmaji",
          "romaji"
        ],
        [
          "ぼうこう",
          "ぼうこう#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rōmaji",
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bōkō"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰeh₂ǵos",
    "Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "bōc"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "boeck"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "boek"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "bōk"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Böök"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "Böke"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Dutch",
                      "lang_code": "nl",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "beuk"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch Low Saxon",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "beuk"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "bôke"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "bōka"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "only in compounds and placenames",
                    "displaced by eastern beuk"
                  ],
                  "word": "boek"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "boec"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*buoka"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Buech"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Buche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Büche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Bich"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "bih́łiḱ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "possibly conflated with a reflex of *bōkō"
              ],
              "word": "buoche"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "buohha"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Buech"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Buche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Büche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Bich"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "bih́łiḱ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "possibly conflated with a reflex of *bōkō"
              ],
              "word": "buoche"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "*buohhia"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Alemannic German",
                  "lang_code": "gsw",
                  "word": "Buech"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Buche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Büche"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Bich"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Vilamovian",
                  "lang_code": "wym",
                  "word": "bih́łiḱ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "possibly conflated with a reflex of *bōkō"
              ],
              "word": "buoche"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "buocha"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "sla-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed",
            "uncertain",
            "or from *bōkijā"
          ],
          "word": "*bùky"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*bōku"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "raw_tags": [
            "f"
          ],
          "word": "bók"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "bæki"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "beyki"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "raw_tags": [
            "f"
          ],
          "word": "bók"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "raw_tags": [
            "f"
          ],
          "word": "bok"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m or f"
          ],
          "word": "bøk"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m"
          ],
          "word": "bøk"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m or f"
          ],
          "word": "bok"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "c"
              ],
              "word": "bok"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "bōk"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "word": "bog"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "raw_tags": [
            "c"
          ],
          "word": "bøg"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "bók"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "bōka",
      "word": "𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "ine-pro:*bʰeh₂ǵos<id:tree>",
        "id": "beech",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"tree\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeh₂ǵos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bōkō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"beech\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*bōkō\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_beech\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeh₂ǵos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "beech"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φηγός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oak"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fāgus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beech"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fāgus (“beech”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "book, writing"
      },
      "expansion": "“book, writing”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beech"
      },
      "expansion": "“beech”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "writing"
      },
      "expansion": "“writing”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pre-Germanic",
      "name": "pre-Germanic"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”) and Latin fāgus (“beech”).\nThe origin of the senses in Gothic (“book, writing”) is unclear, but they may be transferred by conflation from *bōks f (see there for more), or both senses “beech” and “writing” may have been originally present in both words; in the latter case, *bōkō can safely be derived from *bōks in pre-Germanic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōkōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*bōkō f",
      "name": "gem-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōkō",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bōks"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gem-pro:Beech family plants"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beech"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beech",
          "beech"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "East Proto-Germanic",
        "gem-pro:Writing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "writing, text, book"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "text",
          "text"
        ],
        [
          "book",
          "book"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(East Germanic) writing, text, book"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*bōks"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "East",
        "Germanic",
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔː.kɔː/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Proto-Germanic language#Pre-Proto-Germanic (Pre-PGmc)"
  ],
  "word": "bōkō"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bōkō meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.